{"id":1882,"date":"2020-03-04T09:24:10","date_gmt":"2020-03-04T03:54:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/timeline-of-the-printing-industry-6th-century-till-date\/"},"modified":"2023-03-28T10:42:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T05:12:46","slug":"printing-technology-history-timeline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magento.printxpand.com\/blog\/printing-technology-history-timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline of the Printing Industry: 6th Century &#8211; Till Date"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBefore printing was discovered, a century was equal to a thousand years\u201d, said Henry David Thoreau, an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. This quote is enough to prove the worth of the print industry. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The printing industry has metamorphosed over the past few centuries to eventually attain its current form. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/printing-industry-trends-2020\/\">Printing industry trends<\/a> have never been constant and kept changing from time to time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, in this blog, you would discover the journey of the printing industry starting from the 6th century till date and explain the various developments this industry witnessed. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Woodblock Printing (6th Century &#8211; Early 9th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_1.png\" alt=\"Woodblock Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The Tang Dynasty ruled China during this period. You can call this dynasty the trailblazer of the modern-day printing industry. Woodblock printing was the major innovation of this empire. In this kind of printing, people would engrave wooden blocks, ink them and then press them on a sheet of paper to print images, texts or patterns.<\/p>\n<p>This innovation proved to be a milestone in modern-day Chinese historiography. People consider it as one of the four major inventions of the ancient Chinese empire &#8211; the other three being papermaking, gunpowder, and the compass.<\/p>\n<p>Historians also attribute the advent of the oldest known printed book &#8211;<strong><em> Diamond Sutra<\/em><\/strong> to this age. This Buddhist Sutra was a 16-feet long woodblock-printed scroll.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Cast Metal Movable Type Printing (12th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_2.png\" alt=\"Cast Metal Movable Type Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In around 1241, Korea invented cast metal movable type printing. They printed the popular Korean classic <strong><em>Yi Munsun Chip <\/em><\/strong>using this method of printing. This Korean classic was an 8-volume collection of works by Yi Munsun, a great scholar, poet and statesman during the Koryo Dynasty of Korea.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Wooden Movable Type Printing (13th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_3.png\" alt=\"Wooden Movable Type Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By now, the printing technology had started spreading from Asia to other continents as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The 13th century witnessed several important stages in the evolution of the printing technology as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>1300<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bi Shen, the Chinese inventor developed the wooden movable clay type printing back in 1041 AD. But Chinese soon abandoned this technology shortly after he invented it. The drawback was that the clay blocks would break easily. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Around 1.5 centuries later in 1300, Wang Zhen, a Chinese mechanical engineer, writer, inventor, and government official reinforced this technology. He replaced the movable clay types with wooden blocks. This innovation boosted the speed of typesetting as well. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<h3><strong>1309<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Europeans made it big in printing technology by making the first paper. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Again, opinions differ with some historians tracing the origin of the first ever paper back to the 2nd century in China, but there is no strong evidence. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>1330 &#8211; 1395<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The printing industry witnessed two landmarks in the printing history in the form of the establishment of the paper mills in two European countries:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; In France in 1348<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; In Germany in around 1390<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Metal Movable Type Printing and Gutenberg Printing Press (14th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The block printing technology soon spread to the European continent. Europeans started printing books using block printing. However, printing hadn\u2019t witnessed any big revolution until 1440 when Johannes Gutenberg, a German blacksmith made history. During his political exile away from Mainz, Germany in Strasbourg, France; he started experimenting with printing using metal types. He returned to Mainz in 1450 and introduced a commercial printing machine &#8211; <strong><em>Gutenberg Press<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_4.png\" alt=\"Metal Movable Type Printing and Gutenberg Printing Press\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The first book that he produced was a 1300-page<strong><em> Gutenberg Bible<\/em><\/strong> in 1452 in collaboration with Johannes Fust who funded his printing project. They printed around 180 copies of the Gutenberg Bible that circulated well. They started printing pamphlets, calendars, and other ephemera then onwards. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later in 1455, they parted ways due to a lawsuit that Fust filed against Gutenberg. The ruling was in favor of Fust and he got to acquire all of the Gutenberg equipment and partnered with Peter Schoffer of Gernsheim, Germany. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gutenberg continued printing alone for several years until 1460 when he finally gave up printing. Possibly due to his old age and visual impairment. He finally passed away in Feb. 1968. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Schroffer was a former calligrapher and technically better at typography and printing (as historians claim). Within two years of his partnership with Fust, he published the <strong><em>Book of Psalms<\/em><\/strong>, the first ever book with a three-colored title page and multi-color types within.<\/p>\n<p>Soon after, the other European countries also welcomed the Gutenberg\u2019s invention. By 1470, Italy started using the Gutenberg Press and made huge profits in printed matter. Soon after, the French set up the printing press at Sorbonne, the University of Paris in 1470. By 1476, German printers had become big fishes in the printing business. <\/p>\n<p>Following the rage\/fashion, the two other European countries &#8211; Spain and Portugal embraced the Gutenberg Printing Press in 1473 and 1495 respectively.<\/p>\n<p>The landmark event of this century was the introduction of the Gutenberg Press to England by William Caxton, an English merchant, writer, and diplomat. In 1495, England set up its first paper mill. <\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, in contemporary Asia, Hua Sui invented the first metal movable type printing during the Ming Dynasty. He was a wealthy Chinese scholar and printer. Some historians argue that Koreans had already discovered metal (bronze) movable type printing in the 13th century only, but there is no concrete evidence to prove that Hua Sui took inspiration from Koreans. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Pre-Industrial Age Printing (15th Century &#8211; Early 18th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The seeds of the full-fledged industrial age printing were sown during this period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Printing witnessed umpteen changes. Enumerating every change may go very long. However, I am trying to sum up the major changes during this period. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1550 &#8211; England introduced its first ever wallpaper. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1575 &#8211; North America established its first ever paper mill in Mexico in the present-day North America.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1611 &#8211; England published the English version of the Bible (translated from the original Hebrew and Greek languages) under King James I. Later, it became popular as the King James Bible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1690 &#8211; The present day United States established its first ever paper mill in Philadelphia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1702 &#8211; Daily Courant, the first English newspaper commenced in Fleet Street in London.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1725 &#8211; William Ged, a Scottish goldsmith, invented stereotyping. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1800 &#8211; Lord Charles Stanhope, a British diplomat, and scientist, invented the cast iron printing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1819 &#8211; Napier invented the rotary printing press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1829 &#8211; Louis Braille, a French educator, and Catholic priest, invented embossed printing for the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">visually impaired. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_5.png\" alt=\"Pre-Industrial Age Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Industrial Age Printing (Mid 18th Century &#8211; Mid 19th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By around mid-18th century, industrial age printing had eventually set in. Let\u2019s walk you through major milestones in printing during this age.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1846 &#8211; Richard March Hoe, an inventor from New York, US, developed an improved version of the Napier\u2019s rotary printing press. This press could print 8000 sheets an hour and bagged recognition as the first commercial printing press for large print jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1865 &#8211; Though Hoe\u2019s printing press was a great innovation, its fragility was a drawback. The other major drawback was manual feeding of the paper. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; William Bullock, an American inventor tweaked the design to make it efficient and better. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; He invented the automated roll-fed rotary printing press. This press had the capacity to print 12000 newspapers an hour. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1875 &#8211; The modern-day offset printing dates back to this year. Robert Barclay, a Scottish writer, and inventor developed the first-ever offset lithography printing press. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1886 &#8211; A German inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler invented the Linotype machine, the first-ever typesetting machine. This became the first linotype machine to publish the \u2018<\/span><strong><em>New York Tribune<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019, the then popular daily newspaper of New York.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_6.png\" alt=\"Industrial Age Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1870 &#8211; Wood pulp became a great raw material for mass paper production. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1907 &#8211; Ca\u0161par Hermann, a US immigrant from Germany, developed the first web offset printing press. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1938 &#8211; Chester Carlson, an American physicist, and inventor became the father of modern-day photocopying. It was a dry printing process named electrophotography (which people commonly call \u2018Xerox\u2019 today).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Pre-Digital Age Printing \/ Early Age Digital Printing (Laser Printing) <\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;\">(Mid 19th Century &#8211; Late 19th Century)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital printing was around the corner. Several harbingers of the full-fledged digital printing (including the modern-age 3-D printing) were:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1954 &#8211; Xerox introduced Copyflo, the first automatic <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalprinting.blogs.xerox.com\/2012\/09\/07\/flashback-friday-the-xerox-copyflo-11\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xerographic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> printer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1968 &#8211; Epson (formerly Seiko Group), a Japanese electronics manufacturing company entered the printer-manufacturing business. It launched EP-101, the world\u2019s first mini-printer. This invention led to the foundation of a leading computer printer manufacturing company that we recognize as Epson today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1969 &#8211; American physicist and inventor Gary Keith Starkweather made the groundbreaking invention in the form of a laser printer while working in his research lab in Xerox. This invention went on to lay the foundation of laser printing technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_7.png\" alt=\"Pre-Digital Age Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1971 &#8211; Brother Industries, Ltd. launched the world\u2019s first high-speed dot-matrix printer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1975 &#8211; Canon Inc. developed its first laser printer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1981 &#8211; SATO made a ground-breaking invention in the form of a thermal transfer barcode printer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www8.hp.com\/us\/en\/hp-information\/about-hp\/history\/hp-timeline\/timeline.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1984<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Hewlett Packard, a renowned American MNC headquartered in California, US invented HP ThinkJet, the world\u2019s first thermal inkjet printer. Later in the same year, HP introduced HP LaserJet, the world\u2019s most popular PC laser printer. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong>Modern Age Digital Printing (Late 19th Century &#8211; Till Date)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By now, the advent of 3-D printing had started making buzz. <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1983 &#8211; Charles Hull invented <\/span><strong>Stereolithography<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sowing the seeds of 3-D printing. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1985 &#8211; Canon Inc. introduced BJ 80, the world\u2019s first inkjet printer to use Bubble Jet technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1986 &#8211; Charles Hull co-founded the present-day 3D Systems, a computer manufacturing MNC based in South Carolina, USA. This company became the world\u2019s first 3-D printing company.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1991 &#8211; HP brought about the color printing revolution by launching the affordable HP <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DeskJet 500C. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1993 &#8211; Canon Inc. introduced Pixel Jet S, a full-colour photocopying machine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 1996 &#8211; 3D Systems introduced MultiJet 3D printers. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 2002<sup><a href=\"#2002\">1<\/a><\/sup>&#8211; Dell Inc. set off its journey as a printer manufacturer and retailer.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 2003<sup><a href=\"#2003\">2<\/a><\/sup> &#8211; Kodak introduces LS633, the world\u2019s first OLED display digital camera. It featured the world\u2019s first printer-camera combination. In the same year, HP introduced cutting-edge wireless printing technology. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_8.png\" alt=\"Modern Age Digital Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 2007 &#8211; ZINK pioneered inkless printing technology that requires no ink cartridges, toners, or ribbons to print. It introduced one-of-its-kind ZINK paper with all colors for high-quality printing embedded. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 2009 <sup> <a href=\"#2009\">3<\/a><\/sup> &#8211; HP and BlackBerry formed an alliance that gave BlackBerry users across the world to print emails and docs wirelessly. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 2010 &#8211; HP introduced the world\u2019s first web-connected home printer and launched the mobile printing solution. Parallely, Apple Inc. also introduced AirPrint that eliminated the need for printer-specific drivers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 2011 &#8211; Epson introduced receipt printers with wireless printing capability from any OS. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; 2013 <sup> <a href=\"#2013\">4<\/a><\/sup>&#8211; HP launched the new HP Officejet Pro X that Guinness World Records recognized for the fastest time to print by an office color desktop printer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#2002\">&#8211; <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2019<\/span><sup><a href=\"#2019\">5<\/a><\/sup><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; HP debuted HP Neverstop &#8211; the world\u2019s first Toner Tank Laser Printer. This printer is 38% faster than the previous generations. With automatic ink sensor alerts, it alerts you before the ink gets over. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/images\/image_9.png\" alt=\"Modern Age Digital Printing\" \/><\/p>\n<h1><strong>What to Expect Ahead?<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, you see that it took around 15 centuries for the printing industry to attain the form it is in today. With the ceaseless breakthroughs in technology, we can expect a flood of changes in the printing industry in the coming years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>If you want to make it big in the printing business, you need to buckle up to embrace the printing industry trends as they come.<\/p>\n<p>If you are thinking of venturing into the printing business, we are there to help you out. You can get in touch with us from here.<\/p>\n<p>Good luck with your printing business!<\/p>\n<p><em>All product and company names are trademarks\u2122, registered\u00ae or copyright\u00a9 trademarks of their respective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cBefore printing was discovered, a century was equal to a thousand years\u201d, said Henry David Thoreau, an American essayist, poet, and philosopher. This quote is enough to prove the worth of the print industry. The printing industry has metamorphosed over the past few centuries to eventually attain its current form. Printing industry trends have never&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/magento.printxpand.com\/blog\/printing-technology-history-timeline\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Timeline of the Printing Industry: 6th Century &#8211; Till Date<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-printing-business-guide","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Timeline of the Printing Industry: 6th Century - Till Date - PrintXpand<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will walk you through the different stages of evolution the printing industry went through before it finally attended the form it is in today.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Timeline of the Printing Industry: 6th Century - Till Date - PrintXpand\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article will walk you through the different stages of evolution the printing industry went through before it finally attended the form it is in today.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/magento.printxpand.com\/blog\/printing-technology-history-timeline\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PrintXpand\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-03-04T03:54:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-28T05:12:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/magento.printxpand.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/timeline_of_the_printing_industry01.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1005\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"670\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sulabh Chauhan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sulabh Chauhan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magento.printxpand.com\\\/blog\\\/printing-technology-history-timeline\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magento.printxpand.com\\\/blog\\\/printing-technology-history-timeline\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sulabh Chauhan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/magento.printxpand.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/76631225961a2420eb32a53d9257f917\"},\"headline\":\"Timeline of the Printing Industry: 6th Century &#8211; 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